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Minivans, Trucks Show Improvement in Crash Tests

April 11, 2005
Two new minivans and three small pickup trucks with extended cabs earned the top rating of good in frontal offset crash tests conducted recently by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

IIHS-Auto Safety • Subaru Wins IIHS 2010 Safety Competition • Smart Fortwo Gets Top Marks In Roof Strength Tests • Bumpers On 4 Of 6 Midsize Sedans Improve • Crash Tests Of 2-Door Cars: Volvo & Ford Coupes Earn Top Safety Pick • IIHS Adopts Its Own Roof Safety Standards • Three Big Pickups Look Wimpy in Side Tests • IIHS Picks Safest Vehicles for 2009 • Insurance Group Adds 6 Small SUVs to Safety List • Luxury Sedan, SUV Win Insurance Industry Safety Award • Acura TSX Luxury Sedan Top Safety Pick • Nissan Murano Leads SUV Safety Test • Lexus EX35, Cadillac CTS Named Top Safety Picks • Nissan Quest Worst Performer in Minivan Bumper Test • Study: Crash Tests Predict Fatalities In Cars, Not Trucks • Top Safety Awards Go to 34 Cars, SUVs and a Pickup • Midsize SUVs Perform Poorly in Side Impacts • BMW 5 Series Performs Poorly in New Impact Test • Luxury Cars a "Mediocre Lot" in Low-Speed Collisions • Light Trucks Vulnerable to Whiplash --- • More IIHS Tests

The Honda Odyssey and Chevrolet Uplander minivans, both new designs for the 2005 model year, are rated good. The Odyssey earned the added designation of "best pick" for frontal crash protection.

Five current minivan designs now earn good ratings in the Institute's frontal offset test: Odyssey, Uplander, Toyota Sienna, Ford Freestar/Mercury Monterey (twins), and the Nissan Quest.

Among small pickups the Toyota Tacoma, Nissan Frontier, and Chevrolet Colorado earned good ratings. The Tacoma also is a "best pick" in the frontal test. The Dodge Dakota and Ford Ranger pickups are rated acceptable.

The ratings reflect performance in a 40 mph frontal offset crash test into a deformable barrier. Based on the results, the Institute evaluates the crashworthiness of passenger vehicles, assigning each vehicle a rating from good overall to poor.

The better performers among the vehicles rated good earn the added designation of "best pick." If a vehicle earns a good rating, it means that in a real-world crash of similar severity a belted driver most likely would be able to walk away with only minor injuries.

"When the Institute tested the 1997 Pontiac Trans Sport, there was massive collapse of the occupant compartment," says Institute chief operating officer Adrian Lund. "Major intrusion into the driver's survival space pushed the steering wheel toward the dummy and violently snapped the dummy's head backward. Deformation of the area near the driver's feet was so great that the dummy's metal foot broke off."

If the occupant compartment collapses in a crash, the safety belts and airbag cannot do a good job of protecting the driver. The risk of serious injury is high.

"In contrast, the Uplander performed very well in this test," Lund says. "The occupant compartment stayed intact, so the driver's survival space was well maintained. The dummy's movement was controlled reasonably well. There were high head accelerations when its head hit the steering wheel through the airbag and then struck the pillar between the doors. This means the Uplander's performance wasn't good enough to earn a 'best pick.' Still it's a huge improvement compared with GM's previous minivan design."

Later this year the Institute will conduct side impact crash tests of minivans.

Small pickups are getting better: The newly tested small pickups all have extended cabs, which have become the norm for this class. None of the previous small pickups with regular cabs earned a good rating in the Institute's frontal offset test, but now three small pickup designs earned good ratings based on this test.

"Every small pickup that recently has been redesigned performed better than its predecessor model," Lund points out.

The Tacoma went from acceptable to good and earned the "best pick" designation. The Frontier improved from marginal to good. So did the Chevrolet Colorado compared with its predecessor S-10. The Dodge Dakota improved from poor to acceptable.

"The manufacturers are paying attention to these tests and making improvements in how small pickups protect people in serious frontal crashes," Lund says.

Institute and government crash tests complement each other: The Institute's crashworthiness evaluations are based on results of frontal offset crash tests at 40 mph. Each vehicle's overall evaluation is based on three aspects of performance - measurements of occupant compartment intrusion, injury measures from a Hybrid III dummy positioned in the driver seat, and analysis of slow-motion film to assess how well the restraint system controlled dummy movement during the test.

The federal government has been testing new passenger vehicles in 35 mph full-front crash tests since 1978.

This New Car Assessment Program has been a major contributor to crashworthiness improvements - in particular, improved restraint systems in new passenger vehicles. The Institute's offset tests, conducted since 1995, involve 40 percent of a vehicle's front end hitting a deformable barrier at 40 mph. This test complements the federal test involving the full width of the front end hitting a rigid barrier. Both tests are contributing to improvements in crashworthiness - in particular, improved crumple zones and safety cages.

The same 40 mph offset crash test is used to evaluate new cars by the European Union in cooperation with motor clubs, by an Australian consortium of state governments and motor clubs, and by a government-affiliated organization in Japan.

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